We work closely with a number of collaborative partners both in the UK and overseas to deliver courses that lead to a university award. These relationships give us the opportunity to enhance our academic offering and provide the best possible learning experience to a wider audience.
We are able to support franchised or validated collaborative partnership arrangements (Collaborative Arrangements 2023-24 ). The University is ultimately responsible for the academic quality of all of its awards and as such, all of our collaborative partners are subject to quality processes as outlined in the Collaborative Academic Partnership Lifecycle Process Guide.
Interested in a partnership?
Find out more about how your institution can partner with London Met.
Collaborative partners
Academic Institute for Higher Education GmbH
Location: Germany
AIHE offers distance learning courses in psychology (interdisciplinary) on behalf of London Met. The distance learning courses are ideal for those in employment, e.g. managers, coaches, lecturers, project managers, doctors, therapists, etc., who wish to continue their education in the field of psychology online. AIHE provides all students with around 100 online lectures per year, which can be attended voluntarily across all degree programmes.
| Course title | Type of collaboration | London Metropolitan University - School |
|---|---|---|
| Validated | School of Social Sciences and Professions (SSSP) | |
| Validated | School of Social Sciences and Professions (SSSP) | |
| Validated | School of Social Sciences and Professions (SSSP) | |
|
Angewandte Psychologie MSc (Deutsch) |
Validated | School of Social Sciences and Professions (SSSP) |
| Validated | School of Social Sciences and Professions (SSSP) | |
| Validated | School of Social Sciences and Professions (SSSP) | |
| Validated | School of Social Sciences and Professions (SSSP) | |
| Validated | School of Social Sciences and Professions (SSSP) | |
| Validated | School of Social Sciences and Professions (SSSP) | |
|
Klinische Psychologie MSc (Deutsch) |
Validated | School of Social Sciences and Professions (SSSP) |
| Validated | School of Social Sciences and Professions (SSSP) | |
|
Integrative therapie MSc (Deutsch) |
Validated | School of Social Sciences and Professions (SSSP) |
| Validated | School of Social Sciences and Professions (SSSP) | |
| Sexualpsychologie und Sexualtherapie MSc (Deutsch) |
Validated |
School of Social Sciences and Professions (SSSP) |
| Cyber Psychology MSc |
Validated |
School of Social Sciences and Professions (SSSP) |
Aventis Graduate School
Location: Singapore
Aventis Graduate School in partnership with London Metropolitan University offers an exciting suite of Masters and postgraduate qualifications designed to help working professionals fill in the gaps in their critical skill sets and acquire in demand skills across high growth sectors in Data Analytics, Artificial intelligence, Psychology and Mental Health.
| Course title | Type of collaboration | London Metropolitan University - School |
|---|---|---|
|
Data Analytics MSc (teach out) |
Franchise | School of Computing and Digital Media (SCDM) |
|
Psychology (Not accredited by the BPS) MSc (teach out) |
Franchise | School of Social Sciences and Professions (SSSP) |
CESINE Centro Universitario
Location: Spain
Cesine Business and Design School is located in Santander, on the north coast of Spain. The Business & Communication School offers degrees, double degrees and postgraduate studies in International Business Administration and Management, Advertising, Public Relations, Communication and Marketing, Journalism and Social Media, in collaborative partnership with London Metropolitan University. This school is known for its practical, hands-on approach to learning both face-to-face and online, led by teachers with professional experience in their sectors, encouraging students to apply knowledge to practice.
| Course title | Type of collaboration | London Metropolitan University - School |
|---|---|---|
| Validated | School of Computing and Digital Media (SCDM) | |
| Validated | Guildhall School of Business and Law (GSBL) | |
|
Advertising, Marketing, Communications and Public Relations BA (Hons) |
Validated | Guildhall School of Business and Law (GSBL) |
| Validated | Guildhall School of Business and Law (GSBL) | |
| Validated | Guildhall School of Business and Law (GSBL) | |
| Validated | Guildhall School of Business and Law (GSBL) / School of Computing and Digital Media (SCDM) | |
|
Marketing, Advertising, Communication and Public Relations (Top-up) BA (Hons) |
Validated | Guildhall School of Business and Law (GSBL) |
|
Sports Management (Surf, Sail and Golf Industries) (Top-up) BA (Hons) |
Validated | Guildhall School of Business and Law (GSBL) |
| Validated | Guildhall School of Business and Law (GSBL) |
City Unity College
Location: Cyprus
City Unity College Nicosia is a modern and innovative academic institution of higher education that has been operating in the capital city of Cyprus since 2014. It is registered with the Cyprus Ministry of Education, Sports and Youth and offers a wide range of undergraduate and postgraduate programmes, assessed by the Cyprus Agency of Quality Assurance and Accreditation in Higher Education (CYQAA). The partnership between City Unity College Nicosia and London Metropolitan University, offers students the opportunity to earn internationally recognized UK degrees while staying in Cyprus.
| Course title | Type of collaboration | London Metropolitan University – School |
|---|---|---|
| Franchise | Guildhall School of Business and Law (GSBL) | |
| Franchise | School of Computing and Digital Media (SCDM) | |
| Franchise | School of Social Sciences and Professions (SSSP) | |
| Franchise | School of Social Sciences and Professions (SSSP) |
City Unity College
Location: Greece
City Unity College was founded in 1999 and since 2010 has been officially operating as a Post-Secondary Education Centre that offers a wide range of Undergraduate, Postgraduate and Doctoral studies in collaboration with European and UK Universities as franchised or validated courses. CUC has been partnering with London Met since 2022.
| Course title | Type of collaboration | London Metropolitan University – School |
|---|---|---|
| Franchise | Guildhall School of Business and Law (GSBL) | |
|
Master of Business Administration with Pathways (Project Management, Banking and Finance, Hotel Management, Human Resource, Marketing, FinTech) |
Validated | Guildhall School of Business and Law (GSBL) |
| Franchise | Guildhall School of Business and Law (GSBL) | |
| Franchise | School of Social Sciences and Professions (SSSP) | |
|
(Health Psychology, Forensic Psychology, Clinical Psychology, Sports Psychology, Occupational Psychology, Neuropsychology, Educational Psychology, Counselling Psychology) |
Validated | School of Social Sciences and Professions (SSSP) |
|
Computing BSc (Hons) |
Franchise | School of Computing and Digital Media (SCDM) |
|
Computer Networking and Cyber Security MSc |
Franchise | School of Computing and Digital Media (SCDM) |
ESOFT Metro Campus
Location: Sri Lanka
ESOFT Metro Campus is headquartered in Colombo, Sri Lanka and also has an operation in Bangkok, Thailand. Partnered with London Met since 2013, ESOFT has been offering a range of undergraduate and postgraduate qualifications in:
- IT and computing
- business and management
- hospitality, travel and tourism
- law
The partnership has seen thousands of students achieving qualifications that have been life changing and has helped to shape the Sri Lankan economy.
| Course title | Type of collaboration | London Metropolitan University – School |
|---|---|---|
| Franchise | Guildhall School of Business and Law (GSBL) | |
|
Business Administration BA (Hons) |
Franchise | Guildhall School of Business and Law (GSBL) |
| Franchise | Guildhall School of Business and Law (GSBL) | |
| Franchise | Guildhall School of Business and Law (GSBL) | |
| Franchise | Guildhall School of Business and Law (GSBL) | |
| Franchise | Guildhall School of Business and Law (GSBL) | |
| Validated | Guildhall School of Business and Law (GSBL) | |
| Validated | Guildhall School of Business and Law (GSBL) | |
| Validated | Guildhall School of Business and Law (GSBL) | |
| Validated | Guildhall School of Business and Law (GSBL) | |
| Validated | Guildhall School of Business and Law (GSBL) | |
|
Masters of Business Administration (Travel and Tourism Management) |
Validated | Guildhall School of Business and Law (GSBL) |
| Validated | Guildhall School of Business and Law (GSBL) | |
| Franchise | Guildhall School of Business and Law (GSBL) | |
| Franchise | School of Computing and Digital Media (SCDM) | |
| Franchise | School of Computing and Digital Media (SCDM) | |
| Franchise | School of Computing and Digital Media (SCDM) | |
| Franchise | School of Computing and Digital Media (SCDM) | |
|
Computer Systems Engineering and Robotics (Top-up) BEng (Hons) |
Franchise | School of Computing and Digital Media (SCDM) |
| Franchise | School of Computing and Digital Media (SCDM) | |
| Franchise | School of Computing and Digital Media (SCDM) | |
|
Criminology BSc (Hons) |
Franchise | School of Social Sciences and Professions (SSSP) |
|
Criminology (including foundation year) BSc (Hons) |
Franchise | School of Social Sciences and Professions (SSSP) |
| Franchise | School of Social Sciences and Professions (SSSP) | |
| Franchise | School of Social Sciences and Professions (SSSP) | |
| Franchise | School of Social Sciences and Professions (SSSP) |
EU Business School
Location: Switzerland, Germany, Spain and Online
Since 1973, EU Business School (EU) has been educating future entrepreneurs and business leaders. EU Business School are a high-ranking, international business school that offers foundation, bachelor’s, master’s and MBA programs, taught exclusively in English, in Barcelona, Geneva and Munich as well as via a Digital Campus. EU Business School forms part of OMNES Education Group, the leader in private higher education in France with 13 schools and 19 campuses across the world, allowing EU to offer further academic and international opportunities to its student body.
| Course Title | Type of Collaboration | London Metropolitan University - School |
|---|---|---|
| Franchise | Guildhall School of Business and Law (GSBL) | |
| Franchise | Guildhall School of Business and Law (GSBL) | |
| Franchise | Guildhall School of Business and Law (GSBL) |
Euro College - Skopje Metropolitan College
Location: Republic of North Macedonia
Euro College is a higher educational university college dedicated to excellence in teaching and service. Through its undergraduate and postgraduate programs in Business Administration, Euro College seeks to stimulate intellectual curiosity, imagination, rational thinking, and thoughtful expression in a broad range of disciplines and professional fields.
| Course title | Type of collaboration | London Metropolitan University - School |
|---|---|---|
| Validated | Guildhall School of Business and Law (GSBL) | |
| Validated | Guildhall School of Business and Law (GSBL) | |
| Validated | Guildhall School of Business and Law (GSBL) | |
| Validated | Guildhall School of Business and Law (GSBL) | |
|
Computer Networking and Infrastructure Security (including Foundation Year) BSc |
Franchise | School of Computing and Digital Media (SCDM) |
| Franchise | School of Computing and Digital Media (SCDM) |
Hamburg School of Shipping and Transportation
Location: Germany
HSST Akademie, Hamburg was founded in 2009 and has since had a close relationship with London Metropolitan University. In cooperation with London Met, HSST offer students specialised undergraduate programmes in the fields of transport, shipping and tourism. These courses are tailored to the needs of the students and the industry in a globalised world and combine good working practice with academic skills of these higher education programmes.
| Course title | Type of collaboration | London Metropolitan University - School |
|---|---|---|
| Validated | Guildhall School of Business and Law (GSBL) | |
| Validated | Guildhall School of Business and Law (GSBL) | |
| Validated | Guildhall School of Business and Law (GSBL) |
Informatics College Pokhara
Location: Nepal
| Course title | Type of collaboration | London Metropolitan University – School |
|---|---|---|
| Franchise | School of Computing and Digital Media (SCDM) | |
| Franchise | Guildhall School of Business and Law (GSBL) |
Islington College
Location: Nepal
Islington College is an autonomous private education institution dedicated to excellent academic performance and student experience, predominantly focussing on providing a quality lifestyle and a secure future for students. The college directly partners with London Metropolitan University and has been delivering wide range of undergraduate and postgraduate courses in IT and Business since 2011.
| Course title | Type of collaboration | London Metropolitan University - School |
|---|---|---|
| Franchise | School of Computing and Digital Media (SCDM) | |
| Franchise | School of Computing and Digital Media (SCDM) | |
| Franchise | School of Computing and Digital Media (SCDM) | |
| Franchise | School of Computing and Digital Media (SCDM) | |
| Validated | School of Computing and Digital Media (SCDM) | |
| Validated | School of Computing and Digital Media (SCDM) | |
|
Information Technology MSc (teach out) |
Franchise | School of Computing and Digital Media (SCDM) |
|
Masters of Business Administration |
Franchise | Guildhall School of Business and Law (GSBL) |
| Franchise | Guildhall School of Business and Law (GSBL) | |
|
Business Administration (with Accounting and Finance) BA (Hons) |
Validated | Guildhall School of Business and Law (GSBL) |
|
Business Administration - online delivery BA (Hons) |
Validated | Guildhall School of Business and Law (GSBL) |
| Validated | Guildhall School of Business and Law (GSBL) | |
|
University Foundation Course |
Validated | Guildhall School of Business and Law (GSBL)/School of Computing and Digital Media (SCDM) |
Itahari International College
Location: Nepal
Since 2017, Itahari International College has embarked on a journey of providing higher education in Eastern region of Nepal. It is a joint partnership between Islington College (Kathmandu), Vishwa Adarsha College (Itahari), and Godawari College (Itahari). It is the first college to provide a direct UK university degree in Itahari and is committed to producing intellectuals who can compete globally.
| Course title | Type of collaboration | London Metropolitan University - School |
|---|---|---|
| Franchise | Guildhall School of Business and Law (GSBL) | |
| Franchise | School of Computing and Digital Media (SCDM) |
Moscow School of Architecture (MARCH)
Location: Russia
The partnership between London Metropolitan University and Moscow School of Architecture (a subsidiary of Universal University) and all associated courses will go into teach-out with effect from 1 August 2023. From 1 August 2022, new students are unable to apply, enrol and register onto the courses taught by Moscow School of Architecture and lead to an award validated by London Metropolitan University. From 1 August 2022, Moscow School of Architecture and London Met shall only re-enrol and register continuing students onto the courses.
| Course title | Type of collaboration | London Metropolitan University - School |
|---|---|---|
|
Architecture and Urbanism BA (Hons) (teach-out) |
Validated | School of Art, Architecture and Design (AAD) |
|
Architecture and Urbanism MA (teach-out) |
Validated | School of Art, Architecture and Design (AAD) |
Nelson College
Location: London, United Kingdom
Nelson College London is an independent college founded in 2009 and operating in the London Borough of Redbridge. The College offers teaching for Pearson Higher National Diploma in Business and in Hospitality Management, as well as Foundation Degrees and BA (Hons) one-year “Top-Up” courses which are validated by London Metropolitan University. In 2019 the College was awarded Silver Rating in the Teaching Excellence Framework (TEF) which highlights that Nelson College London delivers high quality teaching, learning and outcomes for its students that consistently exceed rigorous national quality requirements for UK higher education.
| Course title | Type of collaboration | London Metropolitan University - School |
|---|---|---|
|
Business FdA (teach out) |
Validated | Guildhall School of Business and Law (GSBL) |
|
Business (Top-up) BA (Hons) (teach out) |
Validated | Guildhall School of Business and Law (GSBL) |
|
Hospitality Management FdA (teach out) |
Validated | Guildhall School of Business and Law (GSBL) |
|
Hospitality Management (Top-up) BA (Hons) (teach out) |
Validated | Guildhall School of Business and Law (GSBL) |
|
International Business (Management) MA (teach out) |
Validated | Guildhall School of Business and Law (GSBL) |
|
International Business (Hospitality Management) MA (teach out) |
Validated | Guildhall School of Business and Law (GSBL) |
New City College
Location: London, United Kingdom
New City College (NCC) is a large further education college group comprised of six further education (FE) colleges that have merged over the last seven years. New City College serves a diverse, but geographically coherent urban area, from the edge of central London to the outer boroughs of northeast London and south Essex, although not all sites currently offer higher education (HE) courses. NCC has a long established partnership with London Metropolitan University for the validated FdA Early Childhood Studies course which is taught at the Hackney campus.
| Course title | Type of collaboration | London Metropolitan University - School |
|---|---|---|
|
Early Childhood Studies FdA (teach out from 2023-24) |
Validated | School of Social Sciences and Professions (SSSP) |
NEXT Campus - part of NEXT Education Group
Location: Sri Lanka
NEXT Campus - Certificate of Approval
| Course title | Type of collaboration | London Metropolitan University – School |
|---|---|---|
| Franchise | Guildhall School of Business and Law (GSBL) | |
| Validated | Guildhall School of Business and Law (GSBL) | |
| Validated | Guildhall School of Business and Law (GSBL) | |
| Validated | Guildhall School of Business and Law (GSBL) | |
| Franchise | Guildhall School of Business and Law (GSBL) | |
| Franchise | Guildhall School of Business and Law (GSBL) | |
|
International Business Management (including foundation year) BSc (Hons) |
Franchise | Guildhall School of Business and Law (GSBL) |
| Franchise | Guildhall School of Business and Law (GSBL) | |
| Franchise | Guildhall School of Business and Law (GSBL) | |
|
Computer Science BSc (Hons) |
Franchise | School of Computing and Digital Media (SCDM) |
|
Computer Science (including foundation year) BSc (Hons) |
Franchise | School of Computing and Digital Media (SCDM) |
| Franchise | School of Computing and Digital Media (SCDM) | |
| Franchise | School of Social Sciences and Professions (SSSP) | |
|
Digital Supply Chain Management MSc |
Validated | Guildhall School of Business and Law (GSBL) |
NXT Management Training - part of NEXT Education Group
Location: Dubai, UAE
NXT Management Training - Certificate of Approval
| Course title | Type of collaboration | London Metropolitan University - School |
|---|---|---|
| Aviation Management in the Digital Age MSc | Franchise | Guildhall School of Business and Law (GSBL) |
| Business Psychology MSc | Validated | Guildhall School of Business and Law (GSBL) |
| Digital Transformation MSc | Validated | Guildhall School of Business and Law (GSBL) |
| International Business Management (including foundation year) BSc (Hons) | Franchise | Guildhall School of Business and Law (GSBL) |
| International Business Management (Top-up) BSc (Hons) | Franchise | Guildhall School of Business and Law (GSBL) |
| Masters of Business Administration | Franchise | Guildhall School of Business and Law (GSBL) |
| Airline and Airport Corporate Management MSc | Franchise | Guildhall School of Business and Law (GSBL) |
| International Events, Leisure and Tourism Management MSc | Franchise | Guildhall School of Business and Law (GSBL) |
| Computer Science BSc (Hons) | Franchise | School of Computing and Digital Media |
| Computer Science (Top up) BSc (Hons) | Franchise | School of Computing and Digital Media |
| Digital Supply Chain Management MSc | Validated | Guildhall School of Business and Law |
Portobello Institute
Location: Republic of Ireland
Portobello Institute was established in 1981 in Dublin, Ireland, primarily to professionalise nursery workers. Today, it has a student population of 2,500 studying across full-time, part-time and blended learning programmes. The Institute delivers programmes in early childhood care and education, fashion buying and management, facilities management, sports and health and aviation, travel and tourism. For more than ten years, Portobello Institute have worked closely with London Metropolitan University to offer several undergraduate and postgraduate programmes.
| Course title | Type of collaboration | London Metropolitan University - School |
|---|---|---|
|
Early Childhood Studies BA (Hons) (teach out) |
Validated | School of Social Sciences and Professions (SSSP) |
|
Early Childhood Studies (online) MA (teach out) |
Franchise | School of Social Sciences and Professions (SSSP) |
| Validated | Guildhall School of Business and Law (GSBL) | |
| Validated | Guildhall School of Business and Law (GSBL) | |
| Validated | Guildhall School of Business and Law (GSBL) | |
| Validated | Guildhall School of Business and Law (GSBL) | |
| Validated | Guildhall School of Business and Law (GSBL) | |
| Validated | Guildhall School of Business and Law (GSBL) | |
| Validated | Guildhall School of Business and Law (GSBL) | |
| Validated | Guildhall School of Business and Law (GSBL) | |
| Validated | Guildhall School of Business and Law (GSBL) | |
| Validated | Guildhall School of Business and Law (GSBL) | |
|
Sports Therapy BSc (Hons) (teach out) |
Franchise | School of Human Sciences (SHS) |
|
Sports Science and Physical Education BSc (Hons) (teach out) |
Franchise | School of Human Sciences (SHS) |
|
Sports Science and Performance Analysis BSc (Hons) (teach out) |
Validated | School of Human Sciences (SHS) |
|
Physical Education and Coaching BSc (Hons) (teach out) |
Validated | School of Human Sciences (SHS) |
|
Sports Psychology, Coaching and PE BSc (Hons) (teach out) |
Validated | School of Human Sciences (SHS) |
|
Sports Performance Analysis MSc (teach out) |
Validated | School of Human Sciences (SHS) |
|
Clinical Exercise Prescription MSc (teach out) |
Validated | School of Human Sciences (SHS) |
QA Higher Education (QAHE)
Location: London, Manchester and Birmingham, United Kingdom
In partnership with London Metropolitan University, QA Higher Education recruits to and delivers three and four-year degree programmes from QAHE Centres in central London, Birmingham and Manchester. Flexible programmes are delivered daytime, evenings and weekends by experienced QAHE Faculty and validated by London Metropolitan University. QAHE also partners with London Metropolitan University to recruit students to programmes the University delivers on its main campus. Additionally, London Metropolitan University recognises QAHE’s Online Pre-Sessional English.
| Course title | Type of collaboration | London Metropolitan University - School |
|---|---|---|
| Franchise | Guildhall School of Business and Law (GSBL) | |
| Franchise | Guildhall School of Business and Law (GSBL) | |
| Franchise | School of Social Sciences and Professions (SSSP) | |
|
Health and Social Care (including foundation year) BSc (Hons) |
Franchise | School of Social Sciences and Professions (SSSP) |
|
International Business Management MSc |
Franchise | Guildhall School of Business and Law (GSBL) |
Sant Cugat Escola Superior de Negocis
Location: Spain
ESN's business school has a partnership with London Met and offers a Bachelor in Business awarded by London Met. ESN aims to provide students with quality training based on the culture of effort and using all resources offered by technology as well as the latest academic resource. ESN believe that educational training must be a long-life learning process. Beginning with professional training, ESN provide students with a wide range of academic resources that support them to become competent professionals with an updated knowledge.
| Course title | Type of collaboration | London Metropolitan University - School |
|---|---|---|
|
Business Management BA (Hons) |
Validated | Guildhall School of Business and Law (GSBL) |
Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
Location: China
London Metropolitan University's partnership with the Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (SUTCM) dates back to March 2002 and delivers degree pathways leading to either the Herbal Medicinal Science BSc (London Met award), or a double award combining this London Met award with SUTCM's BSc Chinese Medicinal Science. These pathways link to a level 6 'top-up' award, which leads to the Herbal Medicinal Science BSc (Hons) award, completed either at London Met or SUTCM.
| Course title | Type of collaboration | London Metropolitan University - School |
|---|---|---|
|
Herbal Medicinal Science BSc (Hons) and Medicinal Science BSc |
Franchise / Validated (dual award) | School of Human Sciences (SHS) |
Stanfort Academy
Location: Singapore
Stanfort Academy, previously known as JE Educational College was founded in 1986 with the objective to provide quality education while upholding our mission, vision, values, and culture. Stanfort have attained the four years EduTrust award under the EduTrust Certification Scheme, for sustaining an excellent level of performance in managing institutions and providing high quality education standards. Stanfort Academy has continued to sustain the culture of a cosmopolitan and international body, with special emphasis on the exchange of cultures.
| Course title | Type of collaboration | London Metropolitan University - School |
|---|---|---|
| Franchise | Guildhall School of Business and Law (GSBL) | |
| Franchise | Guildhall School of Business and Law (GSBL) | |
| Franchise | Guildhall School of Business and Law (GSBL) |
The Gestalt Centre
Location: London, United Kingdom
The Gestalt Centre is an established non-profit organisation delivering, professional training in counselling, psychotherapy and organisational development programmes, including courses accredited by UKCP, BACP and the LondonMet. The centre is also a vibrant hub for a range of therapeutic practices that enhance mental and psychological wellbeing and a welcoming space for professionals and organisations to meet, learn and work.
| Course title | Type of collaboration | London Metropolitan University - School |
|---|---|---|
|
Diploma in Professional Development in Gestalt Therapy Theory Studies |
Validated | School of Social Sciences and Professions (SSSP) |
| Gestalt Therapy Theory Studies MA | Validated | School of Social Sciences and Professions (SSSP) |
Xianyang Normal University
Location: China
Xianyang Normal University and London Metropolitan University have been working together since October 2019. Xianyang Normal University is a public-owned university featuring undergraduate teacher training. The University is located in the City of Xianyang, Shaanxi province. The joint delivery of BA Early Childhood Studies and UG Cert Early childhood studies is approved by the Chinese Ministry of Education.
| Course title | Type of collaboration | London Metropolitan University - School |
|---|---|---|
|
Early Childhood Studies BA (Hons) |
Franchise | School of Social Sciences and Professions (SSSP) |
